Language Phrase Books
French Romance Language
French I 1. Some Basic Phrases2. Pronunciation3. Alphabet4. Nouns, Articles and Demonstratives5. Useful Words and General Vocabulary6. Subject Pronouns7. To Be and to Have8. Question Words9. Numbers / Ordinals10. Days of the Week11. Months of the Year12. Seasons13. Directions14. Color and Shapes15. Weather16. Time17. Family and Animals18. To Know People and Facts19. Formation of Plural Nouns20. Possessive Adjectives21. To Do or Make22. Work and School23. Prepositions and Contractions24. Countries and Nationalities25. Negative Sentences26. To / In and From places27. To Come and to Go28. Conjugating Regular Verbs29. Pronominal (Reflexive) Verbs30. Irregularities in Regular Verbs31. Past Indefinite Tense32. Irregular Past Participles33. Etre Verbs34. Food and Meals35. Fruits, Vegetables, Meats36. To Take, Eat or Drink37. Quantities38. Commands39. More Negatives40. Holiday PhrasesFrench National Anthem Canadian National Anthem French II 41. Imperfect Tense42. Places43. Transportation44. To Want, to Be Able to, to Have to45. House46. Furniture47. Comparative and Superlative48. Irregular Forms49. Clothing50. To Wear51. Future Tenses52. Preceding and Plural Adjectives53. Adjectives: Feminine54. Adjectives: Plurals55. More Adjectives56. Rendre plus Adjective57. C'est vs. Il est58. Sports and Hobbies59. Nature60. To Live61. Object Pronouns62. Parts of the Body63. Asking Questions64. Interrogative Pronouns65. Forms of Lequel66. Relative Pronouns67. Demonstrative Pronouns68. To Read, to Laugh, to Say69. Disjunctive Pronouns70. Y and En71. To Write, to See, to Believe72. Animals73. Plaire and Manquer74. Pluperfect75. Indefinite PronounsDéjeuner du matin Le corbeau et le renard French III 76. Colloquial Expressions77. False Cognates78. More Useful Words79. Adverbs80. Forms of Tout81. Passive Voice82. Depuis, il y a, and pendant in past contexts83. Shopping84. Post Office and Bank85. To Receive86. Infinitives followed by Prepositions87. To Follow88. Faire Causative89. Direct / Indirect Discourse90. Office / School Supplies91. Conditional Tenses92. Parts of a Car / Gas Station93. To Drive94. Travelling / Airport95. Special Uses of Devoir96. Cosmetics / Toiletries97. Present participle98. Abbreviations / Slang99. Past Infinitive100. In the Ocean101. To Die102. In Space103. Subjunctive Mood104. Possessive Pronouns105. Simple Past106. Make-Believe Stuff107. Quebec French1. Some Basic Phrases
2. Pronunciation
Note: French pronunciation is tricky because it uses nasal sounds which we do not have in English and there are a lot of silent letters. However, if a word ends in C, R, F or L (except verbs that end in -r) you usually pronounce the final consonant. Their vowels tend to be shorter as well. The French slur most words together in a sentence, so if a word ends in a consonant that is not pronounced and the next word starts with a vowel or silent h, slur the two together as if it were one word.More about Pronunciation 1. The "slurring" that I mentioned is called liaison. It is always made:
It is optional after pas, trop fort, and the forms of être, but it is never made after et.2. Sometimes the e is dropped in words and phrases, shortening the syllables and slurring more words.
3. In general, intonation only rises for yes/no questions, and all other times, it goes down at the end of the sentence. 4. Two sounds that are tricky to an American English speaker are the differences between the long and short u and e. The long u is pronounced oooh, as in hoot. The short u does not exist in English though. To pronounce is correctly, round your lips as if to whistle, and then say eee. The long and short e are relatively easy to pronounce, but sometimes it is difficult to hear the difference. The long e is pronounced openly, like ay, as in play. The short e is more closed, and pronounced like eh, as in bed.
6. And of course, the nasals. These are what present the most problems for English speakers. Here are the orthographical representations, and approximate pronunciations. Nasal means that you expel air through your nose while saying the words, so don't actually pronounce the n fully.
In words beginning with in-, a nasal is only used if the next letter is a consonant. Otherwise, the in- prefix is pronounce een before a vowel. 3. Alphabet
4. Nouns, Articles and Demonstrative Adjectives All nouns in French have a gender, either masculine or feminine. For the most part, you must memorize the gender, but there are some endings of words that will help you decide which gender a noun is. Nouns ending in -age and -ment are usually masculine, as are nouns ending with a consonant. Nouns ending in -ure, -sion, -tion, -ence, -ance, -té, and -ette are usually feminine. Articles and adjectives must agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify. And articles have to be expressed even though they aren't always in English; and you may have to repeat the article in some cases. Demonstratives are like strong definite articles.
If you need to distinguish between this or that and these or those, you can add -ci to the end of the noun for this and these, and -là to the end of the noun for that and those. For example, ce lit-ci is this bed, while ce lit-là is that bed.5. Useful Words and General Vocabulary
Note: When il y a is followed by a number, it means ago. Il y a cinq minutes means five minutes ago.
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