Language Phrase Books
German Germanic Language
German I 1. Some Basic Phrases2. Pronunciation3. Alphabet4. Nouns and Cases5. Articles and Demonstratives6. Subject Pronouns7. To Be, to Have and to Become8. Useful Words9. Question Words10. Numbers11. Days of the Week12. Months of the Year13. Seasons14. Directions15. Colors and Shapes16. Time17. Weather18. Family19. To Know People and Facts20. Formation of Plural Nouns21. Possessive Adjectives22. Accusative Case23. Dative Case24. Genitive Case25. To Do or Make26. Work and School27. Prepositions28. Contractions29. Countries and Nationalities30. Negative Sentences31. To and From places32. To Come and to Go33. Modal Verbs34. Conjugating Regular Verbs35. Reflexive Verbs36. Irregularities in Regular Verbs37. Verbs with Prepositions38. Separable Prefixes39. Inseparable Prefixes40. Present Perfect Tense41. Irregular Past Participles42. Sein Verbs and Past Participles43. Food and Meals44. Fruits, Vegetables, Meats45. Genitive Partitive46. Commands47. Subordinating Conjunctions48. Holiday PhrasesGerman National Anthem Austrian National Anthem German II 49. Helfen, lassen and the senses50. Places51. Transportation52. Imperfect Tense53. Irregular Stems in Imperfect54. House and Furniture55. Location vs. Direction56. Clothing57. Future Tense58. Asking Questions59. Declensions of Adjectives60. Adjectives61. Comparative and Superlative62. Sports63. Nature64. Object Pronouns65. Parts of the Body66. Relative Pronouns67. Da and Wo Compounds68. Animals69. Likes and Dislikes70. Past perfect tense71. Als, wenn and wann72. Review of Word Order73. Flavoring ParticlesDie Lorelei German III 74. Colloquial Expressions and Idioms75. Word Formation76. Adjectival Nouns77. Ordinal Numbers78. Passive Voice79. Problems with the Passive80. Avoiding the Passive81. Showing Purpose82. Shopping83. Post Office and Bank84. Zu with Infinitives85. Office / School Supplies86. Expressions of Time87. Travelling / Airport88. Another89. Cosmetics / Toiletries90. Subjunctive II (Conditional)91. Other Uses of the Subjunctive92. Subjunctive I (Indirect Discourse)93. Parts of a Car94. Present participle95. In the Ocean96. Als ob/ Als wenn97. In Space98. Future Perfect99. Make-Believe Stuff100. Spelling Reform101. Review of Declensions of Nouns1. Some Basic Phrases
Note: Ich is not actually pronounced ikh. There is no equivalent sound in English. It is somewhere between ish and ikh and somewhat like a soft hiss of cat.2. Pronunciation
3. Alphabet
Note: ß isn't said when reciting the alphabet. It's actually a double s. Some people will write it ss instead of ß.4. Nouns and Cases All nouns have a gender in German, either masculine, feminine or neuter. There really isn't a lot of logic to which nouns are which gender, so you must memorize the gender of each noun. Male persons or animals, the seasons, months, and days are all masculine, as are nouns ending in -ant, -ast, -ich, -ig, -ismus, -ling, -or and -us. Female persons or animals, German rivers and numerals are all feminine, as are nouns ending in -a, -anz, -ei, -enz, -heit, -ie, -ik, -in, -keit, -schaft, -sion, -sis, -tät, -tion, -ung and -ur. Young persons or animals, metals, chemical elements, letters of the alphabet, hotels, restaurants, cinemas, continents, countries and provinces are all neuter, as are nouns that end in -chen, -icht, -il, -it, -lein, -ma, -ment, -tel, -tum, and -um. Nouns referring to things that end in -al, -an, -ar, -ät, -ent, -ett, -ier, -iv, -o and -on, as well as most words with the prefix ge- and most nouns ending in -nis and -sal are also neuter. All nouns in German are capitalized as well. All nouns (as well as pronouns and adjectives) have a case depending on what function they serve in the sentence. These may seem strange, but remember that English uses cases also; however, we would say direct object instead of accusative, or indirect object instead of dative. Although these cases may make learning new words difficult, they actually help with word order because the position of words in a sentence is not as crucial in German as it is in English. And the reason for that is because words can occur in these four cases:
Note: The nouns I give you, and the ones you look up in a dictionary, will be in the nominative case.5. Articles and Demonstratives
Note: Jener is an older word found in written German that was used to mean that or those, but today in spoken German the definite articles are used. Dort or da may accompany the definite articles for emphasis. Das is also a universal demonstrative and therefore shows no agreement. Notice the last letter of each of the words above. They correspond to the last letters of the words for the definite articles. Words that are formed this same way are called der-words because they follow the pattern of the der-die-das declension. Other der-words are: jeder-every, and welcher-which. Mancher (many) and solcher (such) are also der-words, but they are used almost always in the plural.
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